Costumes of Still-Practiced Pagan Rituals of Europe

Wilder Mann by CHARLES FRÉGER

Wilder Mann by CHARLES FRÉGER

Wilder Mann by CHARLES FRÉGER


Now these are not your average Halloween costumes. For two years, French photographer CHARLES FRÉGER has been traveling throughout 19 European countries and trying to capture the spirit of what he calls “tribal Europe” in his “Wilder Mann” series. What he found was a huge array of pagan rituals, mainly related to the winter solstice and spring renewal, focusing on the common myth of the “wild man.”


Wilder Mann by CHARLES FRÉGER


It appears that the tradition of men dressing up as wild animals and monsters, which dates back to neolithic times and shamanism, is still very alive nowadays. The mythological figure of a “wild man” represents the complicated relationship humans have with nature and life and death cycles. His series explores the different interpretations of such figures – while some cultures depict him as covered in flowers or straws, others possess the features of bears, goats, or horned and hairy beasts.


Wilder Mann by CHARLES FRÉGER

Wilder Mann by CHARLES FRÉGER

CHARLES FRÉGER

Pope Francis assures atheists: You don’t have to believe in God to go to heaven

In comments likely to enhance his progressive reputation, Pope Francis has written a long, open letter to the founder of La Repubblica newspaper, Eugenio Scalfari, stating that non-believers would be forgiven by God if they followed their consciences.


Responding to a list of questions published in the paper by Mr Scalfari, who is not a Roman Catholic, Francis wrote: “You ask me if the God of the Christians forgives those who don’t believe and who don’t seek the faith. I start by saying – and this is the fundamental thing – that God’s mercy has no limits if you go to him with a sincere and contrite heart. The issue for those who do not believe in God is to obey their conscience.


Sin, even for those who have no faith, exists when people disobey their conscience.”


Robert Mickens, the Vatican correspondent for the Catholic journal The Tablet, said the pontiff’s comments were further evidence of his attempts to shake off the Catholic Church’s fusty image, reinforced by his extremely conservative predecessor Benedict XVI. “Francis is a still a conservative,” said Mr Mickens. “But what this is all about is him seeking to have a more meaningful dialogue with the world.”


In a welcoming response to the letter, Mr Scalfari said the Pope’s comments were “further evidence of his ability and desire to overcome barriers in dialogue with all”.


In July, Francis signalled a more progressive attitude on sexuality, asking: “If someone is gay and is looking for the Lord, who am I to judge him?”



Michael Day
The Independent

Witches & Wicked Bodies

Delve into the world of Witches and Wicked Bodies in this major new exhibition, on view at The Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art until November 3, 2013.


Henry Fuseli, Three Weird Sisters from Macbeth, 1785, Mezzotint on paper 457 mm × 558 mm, © British Museum


Discover how witches and witchcraft have been depicted by artists over the past 500 years, including works by Albrecht Dürer, Francisco de Goya and William Blake, plus pieces by 20th century artists such as Paula Rego and Kiki Smith.


William Blake, The Whore of Babylon, 1809, Pen and black ink and water colours, 266 x 223 mm, © The Trustees of the British Museum

The Triple Hecate c 1795, William Blake, Polytype on paper 41.60 x 56.10 cm, © National Galleries of Scotland


Through 16th and 17th century prints and drawings, learn how the advent of the printing press allowed artists and writers to share ideas, myths and fears about witches from country to country.


John William Waterhouse, The Magic Circle, 1886, © Tate, London, Oil paint on canvas 1829 x 1270 mm


Including major works on loan from the British Museum, the National Gallery (London), Tate, the Victoria & Albert Museum, as well as works from the Galleries’ own collections, Witches and Wicked Bodies will be an investigation of extremes, exploring the highly exaggerated ways in which witches have been represented, from hideous hags to beautiful seductresses.


The Four Witches (Bartsch No. 75 (89), Dürer, Engraving on paper 19.00 x 13.10 cm, © National Galleries of Scotland

After Jacques de Gheyn II (1565-1629); engraved by Zacharias Dolendo (1561 – c. 1600), Invidia (Envy) 1596-7, Engraving 22.7 × 16.5cm, © Trustees of the British Museum, London